38.12.1 Defining Faces

The way to define a new face is with defface. This creates a kind of customization item (voir la section Writing Customization Definitions) which the user can customize using the Customization buffer (voir (emacs)Easy Customization section `Easy Customization' dans The GNU Emacs Manual).

Macro: defface face spec doc [keyword value]…

This declares face as a customizable face that defaults according to spec. You should not quote the symbol face, and it should not end in ‘-face’ (that would be redundant). The argument doc specifies the face documentation. The keywords you can use in defface are the same as in defgroup and defcustom (voir la section Common Item Keywords).

When defface executes, it defines the face according to spec, then uses any customizations that were read from the init file (voir la section The Init File, ‘.emacs’) to override that specification.

The purpose of spec is to specify how the face should appear on different kinds of terminals. It should be an alist whose elements have the form (display atts). Each element's CAR, display, specifies a class of terminals. (The first element, if its CAR is default, is special—it specifies defaults for the remaining elements). The element's CADR, atts, is a list of face attributes and their values; it specifies what the face should look like on that kind of terminal. The possible attributes are defined in the value of custom-face-attributes.

The display part of an element of spec determines which frames the element matches. If more than one element of spec matches a given frame, the first element that matches is the one used for that frame. There are three possibilities for display:

default

This element of spec doesn't match any frames; instead, it specifies defaults that apply to all frames. This kind of element, if used, must be the first element of spec. Each of the following elements can override any or all of these defaults.

t

This element of spec matches all frames. Therefore, any subsequent elements of spec are never used. Normally t is used in the last (or only) element of spec.

a list

If display is a list, each element should have the form (characteristic value…). Here characteristic specifies a way of classifying frames, and the values are possible classifications which display should apply to. Here are the possible values of characteristic:

type

The kind of window system the frame uses—either graphic (any graphics-capable display), x, pc (for the MS-DOS console), w32 (for MS Windows 9X/NT/2K/XP), mac (for the Macintosh display), or tty (a non-graphics-capable display). Voir la section window-system.

class

What kinds of colors the frame supports—either color, grayscale, or mono.

background

The kind of background—either light or dark.

min-colors

An integer that represents the minimum number of colors the frame should support. This matches a frame if its display-color-cells value is at least the specified integer.

supports

Whether or not the frame can display the face attributes given in value… (voir la section Face Attributes). See the documentation for the function display-supports-face-attributes-p for more information on exactly how this testing is done. Voir Display Face Attribute Testing.

If an element of display specifies more than one value for a given characteristic, any of those values is acceptable. If display has more than one element, each element should specify a different characteristic; then each characteristic of the frame must match one of the values specified for it in display.

Here's how the standard face region is defined:

(defface region
  '((((class color) (min-colors 88) (background dark))
     :background "blue3")
    (((class color) (min-colors 88) (background light))
     :background "lightgoldenrod2")
    (((class color) (min-colors 16) (background dark))
     :background "blue3")
    (((class color) (min-colors 16) (background light))
     :background "lightgoldenrod2")
    (((class color) (min-colors 8))
     :background "blue" :foreground "white")
    (((type tty) (class mono))
     :inverse-video t)
    (t :background "gray"))
  "Basic face for highlighting the region."
  :group 'basic-faces)

Internally, defface uses the symbol property face-defface-spec to record the face attributes specified in defface, saved-face for the attributes saved by the user with the customization buffer, customized-face for the attributes customized by the user for the current session, but not saved, and face-documentation for the documentation string.

User Option: frame-background-mode

This option, if non-nil, specifies the background type to use for interpreting face definitions. If it is dark, then Emacs treats all frames as if they had a dark background, regardless of their actual background colors. If it is light, then Emacs treats all frames as if they had a light background.

Ce document a été généré par Eric Reinbold le 13 Octobre 2007 en utilisant texi2html 1.78.