25. Files

In Emacs, you can find, create, view, save, and otherwise work with files and file directories. This chapter describes most of the file-related functions of Emacs Lisp, but a few others are described in Buffers, and those related to backups and auto-saving are described in Backups and Auto-Saving.

Many of the file functions take one or more arguments that are file names. A file name is actually a string. Most of these functions expand file name arguments by calling expand-file-name, so that ‘~’ is handled correctly, as are relative file names (including ‘../’). These functions don't recognize environment variable substitutions such as ‘$HOME’. Voir la section Functions that Expand Filenames.

When file I/O functions signal Lisp errors, they usually use the condition file-error (voir la section Writing Code to Handle Errors). The error message is in most cases obtained from the operating system, according to locale system-message-locale, and decoded using coding system locale-coding-system (voir la section Locales).

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